Week 1

Working title:
 How Chile’s history and culture has influenced me as a designer

 The Chile reader
 After the arrest of the ex-dictator Augusto pinochet in 1998 and again during a wave of 2011 student protests, Chileans engaged in passionate debates about their society that were simultaneously debates about the country’s past for much of history, Chile has embraces the mantle os exceptional-ism and the relationship of Chile’s past and present been touted for it’s economic performance, political stability and modernity. In fact this aura of historical exceptoinlism itself has a long history. Chile does indeed appear at first glance to be a country with “a crazy geography” in the famous words of the esseyist Benjamin Subercaseaux. Staddled by two mountain cordilleras, the andes and the costal range, the coutnry extends 2.600miles in legth along the Pacific Ocean coast and averages only just over 100 miles in width. The pacific on the west, the andes cordillera to the east, the atacama desert to the north Gebriela mistral this childean will to overcome tje stramhe historical fate of georgraphy alsoled childeans, she argues, to work tenaciously for the development of the nation. in 1940 when during protests marches against a new government a young woman named Ramona Parra, was shot and killed, she became a symbol of struggle for liberation and the fight against tyranny. Her memory became immortalized through the underground art movement that decorates the streets of Santiago with illegal art and political slogans in favour of human rights. The art collective that calls itself the Brigada Ramona Parra travels the world making murals protesting against the global tendency towards capitalism. This incipient muralist movement of the 1940s, was influenced by the Chilean visit of Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros.

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 The 2011–2013 Chilean protests —
known as the Chilean Winter (in particular reference to the massive protests of August 2011) or the Chilean Education Conflict (as labelled in Chilean media) — are a series of ongoing student-led protests across Chile, demanding a new framework for education in the country, including more direct state participation in secondary education and an end to the existence of profit in higher education. Currently in Chile, only 45% of high school students study in traditional public schools and most universities are also private. No new public universities have been built since the end of the Chilean transition to democracy in 1990, even though the number of university students has swelled. Beyond the specific demands regarding education, there is a feeling that the protests reflect a "deep discontent" among some parts of society with Chile's high level of inequality. Protests have included massive non-violent marches, but also a considerable amount of violence on the part of a side of protestors as well as riot police. The first clear government response to the protests was a proposal for a new education fund and a cabinet shuffle which replaced Minister of Education Joaquín Lavín and was seen as not fundamentally addressing student movement concerns. Other government proposals were also rejected. Student protestors have not achieved all their objectives, but they contributed to a dramatic fall in Piñera's approval rating, which was measured at 26%–30% in August 2011 polls by respected Chilean pollsters and have not increased as of January 2012.
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Chilean graphic artists have expressed themselves in the street art. For instance; in 1940 when during protests marches against a new government a young woman named Ramona Parra, was shot and killed, she became a symbol of struggle for liberation and the fight against tyranny. Her memory became immortalized through the underground art movement that decorates the streets of Santiago with illegal art and political slogans in favour of human rights. During the 1970-73 Chileans communicated with immense and magnified murals in vibrant colors that expressed their hope and desire for justice, freedom, and respect for human rights in a symbolic language of determined faces, hands that held banners, mothers that held their infants and birds that basked in the sunshine. A few poster artists were also trying to use a symbolic language, that like the secret communications of the early church, used signs and symbols to convey their defiant messages of anti-fascism. Unfortunately, Pinochet regime whitewashed all those murals and destroyed most of those posters. Today there are only a few sample of posters available, while some graphic artists have tried to recreate some of those murals. Guity-novin.blogspot.co.uk, (2014). A History of Graphic Design: Chapter 49: Graphic design in Latin America, Part II; Cuba, Argentina, Brazil & Chile.
[online] Available at: http://guity-novin.blogspot.co.uk/2011/12/graphic-design-in-latin-america-part-ii.html#Four [Accessed 18 Nov. 2014].

 In the 1960s he wrote songs of protest against the ruling elite of his country. He was one of the founding fathers of Chile's 'New Song' movement which in 1970 helped elect the democratic popular unity government of Salvador Allente. As a result Chile's right wing hated him. On 11 September 1973 Victor Jara had been due to sing in the Santiago University. Instead, with the coup of General Augusto Pinochet, underway, he was arrested and led to Santiago's boxing stadium. Over four days he was tortured, beaten, electrocuted, his hands and wrists broken, before finally being machine-gunned to death, at the age of 38. His widow, Joan, says his body was thrown to the street, and was later found in the morgue "among lots and lots of anonymous bodies" that she saw that day. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/165363.stm

 Caravan of death

14thousand and 18 3 thousand people were killed or ‘dissaperd’ pinchochet said he wanted to put an end to it all Among the most infamous methods of murder involved Pinochet's henchmen dropping pregnant women out of aeroplanes. He believed this was a way of avenging soldiers killed by Allende's supporters. He was quoted to have said "If you kill the bitch, you kill off the offspring." Chilean student movement privatisation of education a reverse process seems to have happened in the Chilean press. During the years of military rule, a nuber of opposition magazines flourished. Although they were often closed down or their edotors and journalists arrested they kept alive political and social debate, and were eagerly awaited each week, however these magazines have mostly disappeared because they could no longer command a significant readership take photographs of my house review previous work do you want to make it more pronounced as a style, whilst bringing it up to date ask 3 people, write them a brief, simple, where does this design influence live, in that country packaging - feels old get all the work out things that connect us to places read theory •next week if katy’s lecture overruns, just reschedule for next week