Recognition memory for objects, place, and temporal order: A disconnection analysis of the role of the medial prefrontal cortex and perirhinal cortex.
environmental physiology
- Environmental psychology is an interdisciplinary field focused on the interplay between individuals and their surroundings. The field defines the term environment broadly, encompassing natural environments, social settings, built environments, learning environments, and informational environments.http://www-personal.umich.edu/~rdeyoung/envtpsych.htmlThe goals of this paper are to introduce environmental psychology, explain how it emerged from the study of human-environment interactions and note how it has redefined what we mean by the terms nature and environment.Here too is another discovery of environmental psychology. Something counts as nature even if it does not contain DNA. The wind through the leaves, the flow of water, the smell of a spring rainstorm, moonrises and ocean waves are all experienced as part of nature and have potential psychological effect.But a perhaps more fundamental insight of environmental psychology comes from its broad conceptualization of what constitutes an environment. It borrows from cognitive psychology the notion that all environments are patterns of information and that people are fundamentally information-processing organisms, deeply motivated to remain informationally, and thus environmentally, competent. In their pursuit of goals, humans need both to understand current environmental patterns and to continuously expand their proficiency by exploring and learning from new patterns.The shift here is subtle. The focus is not on specific groups, single personality traits or particular psychological mechanisms. Rather, environmental psychology explores the environmental context of human behavior and wellbeing. This context might be physical (e.g., home, office, park), social, conceptual (e.g., design, narrative), vast or small. It might be known from direct experience or from becoming pre-familiarized with something not yet present, something that might be experienced only indirectly though stories or simulations. The latter is possible because one of the astonishing effects of our information-processing capability is our being able to feel at home in a place we do not yet inhabit.Attention restoration theory (Kaplan 1995, 2001) explains this apparent contradiction. This theory builds on the distinction between two forms of attention called fascination and directed attention. The former, fascination, is involuntary attention; it requires no significant effort and is not under volitional control. Fascination is experienced when, out of innate interest or curiosity, certain objects or processes effortlessly engage our thoughts. William James provided a list of such innately fascinating stimuli: "strange things, moving things, wild animals, bright things, pretty things, blows, blood, etc. etc. etc." (1892/1985). The potential significance of such objects argues for why this form of attention does not fatigue; it is adaptive that such things continue to rivet our attention even if encountered repeatedly. - See more at:
Bonnes, M & Secchiaroli, G. (1995) Environmental Psychology: A Psycho-social Introduction. Sage Publications.
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Games, Abram (1914–1996), poster artist and graphic designer, was born on 29 July 1914 in Whitechapel, London, the second of three children of Joseph Gamse (1877–1974), portrait and commercial photographer, and Sarah, née Rosenberg (1885–1969), seamstress, whose emigrant family were woollen merchants from Łódź on the Russo-Polish border. Joseph Gamse was born in Latvia and served in the imperial Russian army before emigrating to England in 1904. In 1926 he changed the family name from Gamse to Games. Abram's early education was in the East End of London, at Millfields Road primary school, Clapton, and the Grocers' Company's (Hackney Downs) School (1925–9).He designed famous symbols for the 1951 Festival of Britain (1948), BBC television (1953), and the queen's award to industry (1965). In 1957 he became OBE and, in 1959, was appointed royal designer for industry (RDI). He was a visiting lecturer at the Royal College of Art, London (1946–53), and in Israel.http://www.oxforddnb.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/view/article/63215The Festival of Britain in 1951 transformed the way people saw their war-ravaged nation. Giving Britons an intimate experience of contemporary design and modern building, it helped them accept a landscape under reconstruction, and brought hope of a better world to come. The Festival of Britain: A Land and Its People travels beyond the Festival’s spectacular centrepiece at London’s South Bank, to events held the length and breadth of the four nations, to which hundreds of the country’s greatest architects, artists and designers contributed. It explores exhibitions in Poplar, Battersea and South Kensington in London; Belfast, Glasgow and Wales; a touring show carried on four lorries and another aboard an ex-aircraft carrier. It reveals how all these exhibitions and also plays, poetry, art and films commissioned for the Festival had a single focus: to unite ‘the land and people of Britain’._x000D_ _x000D_ Drawing on ten thousand previously unseen sketches and plans, photographs and fascinating interviews, Harriet Atkinson unveils how the Festival made the whole country an exhibition ground. Everything was on show from homes to farms and factories, and the land itself. She reveals the Festival’s genesis in wartime propaganda and international exhibitions and how_x000D_ the events gave people a good time while presenting the nation as a model democracy as Britain entered the Cold War. Ultimately, the Festival served to rekindle a downtrodden population’s love for a disfigured landscape. The Festival of Britain: A Land and Its People is a compelling exploration of these unparalleled events.
2012
visually the country is made up of all kind of agricultural environments and habitats. This must inform my design process because the visual aspect of the country is vital and the first memories I have obtained in my memory are from photos and books from an infant.
desert
rainforest
Antarctic
The mountains: The andes
Urban LifeSantander is my mothers maiden name, Santander is a Spanish last name. I have found that my family ancestors are both Spanish and Native Chilean. When in 1541 the Spanish invasion began and the Spanish soilders would "have their way" with the native Chilean indian women and many people half chilean half Spanish were born.There is a huge serration between native and modern Chileans. The natives are called Mapuche's, I have passed many houses that look like this, in Villa rica where my uncle lives.
One of my mothers best friends at university was a mapuche, for christmas she gave my mum a whole turkey to take on the bus (overnight journey) to take it home. This is one of my favourite stories. She also remembers that people would throw rocks at her friend, because of the divide. The reason why a lot of people didn't want there, is as their ansestors owned the land, they didn't have any papers for it, any legal documents. There have been times when govermont have forced them to move and take the land as they do not legally own it, there are always protests about this kind of stuff."Land disputes and violent confrontations continue in some Mapuche areas, particularly in the northern sections of the Araucanía region between and around Traiguén and Lumaco. In an effort to defuse tensions, the Commission for Historical Truth and New Treatments issued a report in 2003 calling for drastic changes in Chile's treatment of its indigenous people, more than 80 percent of whom are Mapuche. The recommendations included the formal recognition of political and "territorial" rights for indigenous peoples, as well as efforts to promote their cultural identities.""In recent years, the delicts committed by Mapuche activists have been prosecuted under counter-terrorism legislation, originally introduced by the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet to control political dissidents. The law allows prosecutors to withhold evidence from the defense for up to six months and to conceal the identity of witnesses, who may give evidence in court behind screens. Violent activist groups, such as the Coordinadora Arauco Malleco (an extremist Chilean Communist Party branch), use tactics such as burning of structures and pastures, and death threats against people and their families. Protesters from Mapuche communities have used these tactics against properties of both multinational forestry corporations and private individuals.[36][37] In 2010 the Mapuche launched a number of hunger strikes in attempts to effect change in the anti-terrorism legislation.["
mapuche symbols
Chile & it's soilThere was a lot of nutrients in the country, which is why it has been the target for so much exploration.
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